Sawmills and Wood Preservation NAICS 3211
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Industry Summary
The 2,600 sawmills and wood preservation companies in the US produce and treat a variety of wood products, including structural elements and dimension lumber. Major revenue categories include softwood lumber, hardwood lumber, preserved wood products, and wood chips. Sawmills may provide wood preservation services as a final step of production. Some large companies are vertically-integrated and own timberland or downstream operations, including divisions involving real estate ownership and residential construction.
Sensitivity To Economy And Construction Activity
Demand for wood products is highly dependent on the health of the construction and household furniture industries, both of which are sensitive to economic conditions.
Variable Timber Costs And Supply
The cost and supply of timber can be volatile, and affect margins and profitability for sawmills and wood preservation services providers.
Recent Developments
May 26, 2026 - Single-Family Starts, Permitting Decline
- Single-family housing starts dropped by 9% month-over-month and decreased 2.4% year-over-year in April, according to the US Census Bureau. The number of building permits issued for single-family, privately-owned housing units fell 2.6% month-over-month and dropped 5.5% year-over-year in April 2026. Homebuilders have faced several headwinds, including tariffs that have increased the cost of key inputs like lumber and cabinets, and labor shortages, according to Reuters. Higher mortgage rates may also be weighing on demand for new single-family homes. The US war with Iran is pushing oil prices higher, along with US Treasury yields. Mortgage rates have moved higher as they are tied to the benchmark 10-year Treasury yield. As of May 21, 2026, the average rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 6.51% compared to 5.98% when the war began.
- Home remodeling spending growth is expected to slow significantly early in 2027, according to the Leading Indicator of Remodeling Activity (LIRA) report released in May by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard. Homeowner spending on improvements and repairs is expected to increase 1.8% to $516 billion in the second quarter of 2026, compared to Q2 2025. In the third quarter of 2026, remodeling spending will trend slightly upward to $518 billion, up 2.4% from Q3 2025. Spending will then remain flat at $518 billion in Q4 2026, up 1.8% from Q4 2025. In the first quarter of 2027, year-over-year spending is forecast to rise just 0.5% to $523 billion. Remodeling permitting and building product sales have remained flat recently, but homeowners are expected to maintain spending near 2025 levels. Remodeling spending is likely to remain subdued, barring a turnaround in the construction sector.
- New single-family home sales rose 7.4% month-over-month and were up 3.3% year-over-year in March 2026, according to the US Census Bureau. March’s total new home sales reached 682,000 units. The National Association of Home Builders noted the uptick was due to moderating home prices and a lack of inventory in the existing home market. In March, the US median home price was $387,400, down 6.2% from $412,900 a year earlier. To address ongoing affordability constraints, builders have made strides toward offering more homes at the lower end of the price spectrum. In March, 20% of new homes were priced below $300,000.
- The Wall Street Journal reports that rising costs for copper, lumber, diesel, aluminum, and other building materials are worsening affordability challenges in the US housing market. Supply disruptions, tariffs, the Iran war, and strong demand from data centers and electric-vehicle manufacturers have pushed prices higher, increasing construction and renovation costs. The National Association of Home Builders said 70% of builders surveyed in April struggled to price homes due to uncertainty about material costs. Higher fuel prices have also raised shipping costs for products such as drywall and cement. Mortgage rates reached 6.51% the week of May 21, 2026, according to Freddie Mac, adding pressure on buyers and builders. Industry executives warned that continued increases in material and financing costs could slow new housing development.
Industry Revenue
Sawmills and Wood Preservation
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average sawmill and wood preservation firm operates out of a single location, employs about 35 workers, and generates $19.4 million annually.
- The sawmill and wood preservation industry consists of about 2,600 firms that employ 90,600 workers and generate $50.2 billion annually.
- Sawmills account for 91% of firms and 80% of industry revenue.
- The sawmill industry is fragmented; the top 50 companies account for 59% of industry revenue. The wood preservation industry is concentrated; the top 50 companies account for 91% of industry revenue.
- Large companies with sawmill operations include Weyerhauser Company and PotlatchDeltic Corporation. Large companies that provide wood preservation services include Koppers Holdings and the US operations of Canada-based Stella-Jones.
- Some large companies are vertically-integrated and own timberland or downstream operations, including divisions involving real estate ownership and residential construction.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Sawmills and Wood Preservation Industry Growth
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