US Construction Sector NAICS 23
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Industry Summary
The 801,000 construction sector establishments are involved in the clearing and preparation of land; building of structures and infrastructure; installation of mechanical systems, nonstructural components and finishings; and the remodeling and expansion of existing structures. The sector is segmented into construction of buildings (residential and nonresidential), heavy and civil engineering, and specialty trades.
Dependence on the Economy and Market
Demand for construction is highly dependent on economic health and can vary considerably across markets.
Seasonal and Weather-Related Factors
Seasonality and weather conditions affect project timelines and contractors’ ability to perform work.
Recent Developments
Jun 6, 2026 - Construction Spending Beats Estimate
- The total value of US construction put in place rose 0.4% in April 2026 compared to the prior month, according to the US Census Bureau. Residential spending grew 0.8%, and nonresidential spending increased 0.1%. Overall, construction spending in April surpassed economists' expectations of just 0.2% growth. A 1.4% increase in single-family project spending led April's growth, even as the conflict with Iran stoked inflation and sent the 30-year fixed mortgage rate higher. Spending on private nonresidential buildings declined 0.2% in April. Private nonresidential structure spending has fallen for nine consecutive quarters, despite the data center boom. Bright spots in April nonresidential building construction included a 1.9% rise in public safety project spending and a 1% increase in offices (a category that includes data centers). Lodging, educational, and healthcare also saw slight upticks. Infrastructure spending in April was led by conservation and development, power, and highway and street projects.
- The Wall Street Journal reports that rising costs for copper, lumber, diesel, aluminum, and other building materials are worsening affordability challenges in the US housing market. Supply disruptions, tariffs, the Iran war, and strong demand from data centers and electric-vehicle manufacturers have pushed prices higher, increasing construction and renovation costs. The National Association of Home Builders said 70% of builders surveyed in April struggled to price homes due to uncertainty about material costs. Higher fuel prices have also raised shipping costs for products such as drywall and cement. Mortgage rates reached 6.51% the week of May 21, 2026, according to Freddie Mac, adding pressure on buyers and builders. Industry executives warned that continued increases in material and financing costs could slow new housing development.
- According to Engineering News-Record, leaders of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee released a roughly $580 billion proposal, the BUILD America 250 Act, to guide federal transportation investment through fiscal 2031 after the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) expires. The bill emphasizes formula funding, with more than 90% of highway funds distributed that way, aiming to speed project delivery and give states greater flexibility. Industry groups support the predictability but question whether it preserves IIJA-era funding certainty. About $474.4 billion would come from the Highway Trust Fund authority, while $106 billion would rely on future appropriations, according to analysis by law firm Holland & Knight. The proposal would also eliminate some climate programs, add fees on electric vehicles, and raise review thresholds to streamline approvals, while economists caution that private financing cannot replace sustained federal spending.
- Home remodeling spending growth is expected to slow significantly early in 2027, according to the Leading Indicator of Remodeling Activity (LIRA) report released in May by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard. Homeowner spending on improvements and repairs is expected to increase 1.8% to $516 billion in the second quarter of 2026, compared to Q2 2025. In the third quarter of 2026, remodeling spending will trend slightly upward to $518 billion, up 2.4% from Q3 2025. Spending will then remain flat at $518 billion in Q4 2026, up 1.8% from Q4 2025. In the first quarter of 2027, year-over-year spending is forecast to rise just 0.5% to $523 billion. Remodeling permitting and building product sales have remained flat recently, but homeowners are expected to maintain spending near 2025 levels. Remodeling spending is likely to remain subdued, barring a turnaround in the construction sector.
Industry Revenue
US Construction Sector
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The construction sector is comprised of 801,000 establishments that employ 8.3 million workers and generate $3.1 trillion in annual revenue, according to government sources.
- The construction sector represents 5% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 5% of the country's workers.
- The specialty trade contracting segment is highly fragmented: the 50 largest specialty trade firms represent 7% of segment revenue. The 50 largest building construction firms represent 22% of segment revenue; the 50 largest heavy and civil works firms represent 26% of segment revenue.
- The construction sector has a high volume of independent contractors with no employees. The number of nonemployer establishments is about 948,568 in building construction, 40,315 in heavy and civil works, and 1.9 million in specialty contracting. The owner of nonemployer establishments typically performs the work or subcontracts labor for large or complex jobs.
- The construction sector shed 78,000 establishments in 2021, which equals about 8.5% of existing establishments, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, the industry added 98,000 new establishments, which is equivalent to 10.7% of existing establishments. As a result, the construction sector has an average growth rate of 2.2%.
- The construction sector is forecast to grow its employment base by 5.2% overall in 2024-2034, which is higher than the national average of 3.1% for all jobs, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
US Construction Sector Industry Growth
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