Metal Ore Mining NAICS 2122
Unlock access to the full platform with more than 900 industry reports and local economic insights.
Get access to this Industry Profile including 18+ chapters and more than 50 pages of industry research.
Industry Summary
The 262 metal ore producers in the US are primarily engaged in developing mine sites, extracting ores (metal-bearing rock), and processing it to extract the desired metals, including iron ore (hematite, magnetite, siderite, taconite), precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), copper, nickel, lead, zinc, uranium, radium and vanadium ores, and other metals. Extraction processes include dressing (picking, sorting, washing of ores), milling (crushing, grinding), and beneficiation (processing to improve purity or quality).
Environmental Compliance
Metal ore producers are directly impacted by a wide range of environmental regulations that affect the permitting, operation, and reclamation of mining sites.
Talent Shortage
As the US looks to boost its domestic stocks of critical metals and minerals required for the green energy transition, the mining industry is facing a major shortage of talent.
Recent Developments
Nov 16, 2025 - Resolution Copper Mine
- Access to a strategically important supply of US copper is closer to reality with Resolution Copper’s completion of the deepening of Shaft 9 at an Arizona mine, Mining Engineering reports. Resolution Copper, a joint venture owned by Rio Tinto and BHP, is the US’s largest underground deposit, holding an estimated 28 million metric tons of copper valued at approximately $270 billion. Once operational, it could supply roughly 25% of America’s domestic copper needs, a critical consideration as the US seeks to reduce dependence on foreign sources amid surging demand for the essential metal. The $200-million project to rehabilitate and deepen the shaft to a depth of 6,898 feet was completed in November. Tapping it will require miners to descend more than a mile underground, making it one of the deepest mining operations in North America and pushing the boundaries of what’s technically possible in underground mining.
- As of mid-November, gold traded around $4,200 per ounce, having gained over 50% year-to-date. How much higher can gold go? The price of the precious metal is projected to reach new heights in 2026 with leading forecasters projecting levels between $4,400 and $5,300 per ounce as investors double down on hard assets amid geopolitical turmoil, looser monetary policy, and surging central bank demand, according to S&P Global Commodity Insights. JPMorgan sees gold topping $5,055 in the fourth quarter of 2026, while Goldman Sachs forecasts the same target supported by an average annual price of $4,275. At the low end, Morgan Stanley projects gold at $4,400 by year-end 2026. Both gold and silver reached all-time highs in October as investors turned to hard assets. As the price of gold rises, mining companies may see strong margin expansion as many have relatively fixed production costs.
- With the addition of copper, silver, lead, rhenium, and others, the 2025 draft List of Critical Minerals now totals 54 elements deemed essential for US economic and national security, according to an August release from the Interior Department. All minerals on the draft list fall under the scope of President Trump's Section 232 investigation into US critical minerals import dependency launched in April with a final report and any potential new tariffs due out in October. Accompanying the list is a report outlining a new model for assessing how potential supply chain disruptions could affect the economy. The List of Critical Minerals informs direct investments in mining and resource recovery from mine waste, stockpiles, tax incentives for US mineral processing, and streamlined mining permitting. Minerals on the list are either already tariffed (ex. copper) or potential tariff targets, including lead if included in the final list.
- Producer prices for metal ore mining firms were flat in August compared to a year ago after falling 0.9% in the previous August-versus-August annual comparison, according to the latest US Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Industry producer prices have fallen from record highs in 2023. Still, producer prices for metal ore mining firms, which began rising sharply in 2021, are near historically high levels. Employment by metal ore mining firms shrank 2.6% year over year in August, while the average industry wage for mining firms (except oil and gas) rose 1% in July to $36.15, BLS data show.
Industry Revenue
Metal Ore Mining
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average metal ore mining company operates out of one to two locations, has about $129.5 million in annual revenue, and employs fewer than 171workers.
- The metal ore mining industry includes 262 firms that employ 44,900 workers and generate $33.9 billion in annual revenue.
- Most companies operate only one or two mine sites at a time due to the large capital investment in equipment needed for extraction and processing.
- Major industry segments include mining and processing iron ore, gold and silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc.
- The industry is highly concentrated: the top 20 companies account for 90% of annual revenue.
- Large companies with operations in the US include ArcelorMittal, Hibbing Taconite Company, Cliffs Minnesota Mining Co., Barrick Gold, Newmont Corp., and Freeport-McMoRan. These companies may be vertically integrated with mining and steelmaking operations and mines outside the US.
- Minnesota produces most of the iron ore mined in the US. Almost all iron ore (98%) is used to make steel.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Metal Ore Mining Industry Growth
Vertical IQ Industry Report
For anyone actively digging deeper into a specific industry.
50+ pages of timely industry insights
18+ chapters
PDF delivered to your inbox
