Biotechnology Research Services NAICS 541714

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Industry Summary
The 4,700 biotechnology research firms in the US study the use of microorganisms and cellular and biomolecular processes to develop or alter living or non-living materials. Firms develop new biotechnology processes or prototypes of new or genetically-altered products that may be reproduced, utilized, or implemented by various industries. A firm may specialize in a particular field, such as oncology, cardiovascular medicine, or agricultural products. Companies may also specialize in a particular stage of drug development (discovery, pre-clinical, clinical) or offer a full-service model that allows a firm to play a part in each step of the drug approval process.
Liability
Because biotechnology research and development involves the testing of new drugs on patients in clinical trials, firms are exposed to the risk of liability for personal injury to or death of patients, particularly those with life‑threatening illnesses.
Failure Is Inherent
The overall probability that a drug in the discovery and preclinical phases of development will reach the final market is extremely low.
Recent Developments
May 2, 2025 - Trump Administration Blocked From Cutting NIH Grants
- A federal judge has blocked the Trump administration’s effort to cut National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant payments. Decreasing NIH grant payments — which pay for research, laboratory overhead, and clinical trials — would introduce new financial risks for small companies that were founded to develop early-stage discoveries, according to industry stakeholders including biomedical researchers, academics, entrepreneurs, and investors contacted by the Washington Post. The Association of American Medical Colleges, alongside the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, the Conference of Boston Teaching Hospitals and the Greater New York Hospital Association, filed suit against the NIH in a Massachusetts federal court at the beginning of February. The plaintiffs argued that the NIH’s actions were unlawful and would result in irreparable harm.
- One of the most notable changes in the Trump administration’s plans to reduce National Institutes of Health grant payments is a new NIH policy that would limit its funding of “indirect” costs to 15% of new federal grants, substantially lower than what it typically provides now, according to BioPharma Dive. NIH grant funding helps pay recipients’ “direct” and “indirect” costs for running experiments and conducting research. The former covers expenses, such as salaries and lab supplies, that are directly associated with a research project and accounts for the bulk of NIH grant funding. Indirect costs are the charges that support the infrastructure surrounding these experiments, from utility bills to payments for administrative workers. An estimated $9 billion of the $32 billion in NIH grants issued in the 2024 fiscal year went toward indirect costs, according to an analysis of federal data by The New York Times.
- Big data is playing an increasingly important role in biotechnology research, according to Health Tech Zone. Researchers can gain deeper insights into complex biological processes by aggregating and analyzing large datasets from various sources. The increasing availability of large-scale biological datasets, such as genomic and proteomic data, is transforming the way biotechnology research is conducted and enables a more comprehensive understanding of complex biological systems. This data-driven approach is particularly valuable in areas such as drug discovery and development, where it can help identify potential drug candidates more efficiently. Integrating big data with other technologies like AI and machine learning enhances its impact. These tools can make the research process more streamlined and cost-effective by sifting through enormous datasets to uncover hidden correlations and generate hypotheses that guide further experimentation.
- Biotechnology research industry employment decreased slightly and average wages for nonsupervisory employees decreased moderately during the first month of 2025, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Biotechnology research service industry sales are forecast to grow at a 5.1% compounded annual rate from 2024 to 2028, faster than the growth of the overall economy, according to Inforum and the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc.
Industry Revenue
Biotechnology Research Services

Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average biotech research and development firm operates out of a single location, employs about 62 workers, and generates about $7-9 million annually.
- The biotech research and development industry consists of about 4,700 firms that employ 293,000 workers and generate $36 billion annually.
- About 5% of firms operate as non-profit organizations that generate just under 15% of industry revenue.
- The average non-profit biotech research firm employs about 64-65 workers and generates about $16 million annually.
- The industry is moderately concentrated at the top and fragmented at the bottom; the top 50 companies account for about 56% of industry revenue.
- Large firms, which include PAREXEL, Covance (LabCorp), and Syneos Health (merger of inVentiv Health and INC Research), may be vertically integrated and operate manufacturing facilities in addition to R&D centers. The largest firms typically have global operations.
- Large non-profit organizations that operate biotechnology R&D facilities include major research universities (SUNY system), IAVI, and Battelle Memorial.
- The major contract research organizations (CRO) typically focus on the development phase and offer limited services related to research/discovery.
- The broader bioscience industry includes five major subsectors: agricultural feedstock and chemicals; bioscience-related distribution; drugs and pharmaceuticals; medical devices and equipment; and research, testing, and medical laboratories.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Biotechnology Research Services Industry Growth

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