Electric Power Generation & Distribution NAICS 2211
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Industry Summary
The 2,441 Electric power generation and distribution companies in the US produce and deliver electricity to residential customers, commercial businesses, and industrial operations. The industry consists of publicly-owned utilities, electric co-operatives, investor-owned utilities, and power marketers. Operations are either fully or partially regulated, depending on the state they operate in.
Changes in Environmental Laws and Regulations
Environmental laws and regulations are changing constantly and can have large impacts on electric utilities.
Shift to Natural Gas Generation
Low natural gas prices and restrictions on coal and nuclear plants are causing a shift to natural gas for new generating capacity.
Recent Developments
May 24, 2026 - NextEra Acquisition of Dominion will Create the Largest US Power Producer
- The Wall Street Journal reports that NextEra Energy’s roughly $67 billion acquisition of Dominion Energy underscores a major shift in US electricity markets, as utilities race to meet surging demand driven by artificial intelligence, data centers, and electrification. The deal would create the largest US power producer and combine extensive regulated utilities with large-scale generation assets across Florida, the Carolinas, and Virginia. Executives emphasized that power demand is at its highest level in decades, with data centers consuming massive amounts of electricity and reshaping growth forecasts. The merger reflects how utilities are pursuing scale, diversified generation including natural gas and renewables, and closer alignment with large industrial customers to secure a reliable supply. It also highlights mounting pressure to invest heavily in infrastructure while balancing rising costs, affordability concerns, and regulatory scrutiny.
- The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) may decide by June whether to extend federal oversight to large-load power interconnections, including hyperscale data centers, as US electricity demand surges, according to Engineering News-Record. The proposal follows a directive from Energy Secretary Chris Wright and targets loads above 20 megawatts, aiming to standardize interconnection rules, speed approvals, and address cost allocation. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association estimates AI-driven demand could push electricity use up more than 55% by 2050, while interconnection queues stretch up to six years. Regulators, utilities, and developers are divided over reliability risks, congestion, and costs. Meanwhile, grid operators and contractors are pursuing faster upgrades, such as reconductoring and grid-enhancing technologies, to add capacity. Data centers could account for 38% of US electricity use by 2037, straining labor and supply chains.
- The US utility-scale solar industry is undergoing an unprecedented surge in “safe harboring” as developers rush to secure tax incentives tied to the Inflation Reduction Act and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, according to Solar Quarter. Analysts estimate that 216 to 240 gigawatts of direct current (GWdc) capacity will be preserved before the July 2026 deadline, enough to cover projected installations through the end of the decade. However, stricter IRS rules, foreign entity restrictions, and supply chain constraints are increasing project risk and complexity. Delays tied to transformers, interconnection, and financing may limit final totals. Projects starting after mid-2026 face steep hurdles in meeting the 30% Investment Tax Credit timelines. The shift signals a turning point, as utility-scale solar developers increasingly rely on project economics rather than incentives, favoring larger firms and accelerating industry consolidation.
- In April, Republican lawmakers in the House introduced the American Energy Dominance Act to restore clean energy tax credits scaled back by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, including the 45Y production and 48E investment credits, according to Utility Dive. The bill would remove accelerated phaseout deadlines and reinstate incentives, such as the 179D energy efficiency credit, without expiration, aiming to stabilize long-term project planning. Industry groups warn that shortened timelines have already contributed to $34.8 billion in canceled clean energy investments in 2025, raising risks for large solar deployments. While analysts say the measure is unlikely to advance in the current Congress, it could gain traction after the 2026 elections, offering potential relief to utility-scale solar developers, manufacturers, and related supply chains.
Industry Revenue
Electric Power Generation & Distribution
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
A typical electric power company operates from multiple locations and has revenues of about $230 million per year.
- There are 2,441 firms providing electric power utility services in the US, employing 413,100 workers, and generating annual revenue of $562 billion.
- 59.1% are publicly owned utilities, 25.6% are cooperatives, 5.2% are investor-owned utilities, 8.6% are power marketers, and 1.5% are either community choice aggregators, behind-the-meter (on-site generation), or federal power agencies.
- Public utilities serve 15.3% of US customers, cooperatives serve 13.4%, investor-owned utilities serve 65.7%, power marketers serve 4.7%, and behind-the-meter (on-site generation) serves 0.8%.
- 67% of establishments have fewer than 20 employees, and 7% of firms are large with 100 or more employees.
- Large electric power utilities include: Exelon Corp., Southern Co., First Energy, Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA), PSEG Long Island, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), Withlacoochee River Electric Cooperative, Cobb Electric Member Corporation and Middle Tennessee EMC.
- Entry into the business as a for-profit enterprise in the distribution business is difficult as most population centers are in franchised territories as designated by the state public utility commission. Entry into the generating business as an independent power producer (IPP) has a lower barrier, requiring only permits and capital for construction and certification by the ISO.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Electric Power Generation & Distribution Industry Growth
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