Fabric Mills NAICS 3132

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Industry Summary
The 679 fabric mills in the US transform yarn or fibers into fabric that is further manufactured into usable items, such as apparel, sheets, or towels. Major product categories include nonwoven fabrics, broadwoven fabrics, knit fabrics, and narrow fabrics. Almost half of US textile output is used for technical applications, such as conveyor belts and automotive floor coverings. About 40% of output goes towards home textiles and floor coverings. Apparel accounts for just over 10% of US textile output.
High Capital Requirements
The US fabric mill industry is highly capital-intensive and requires a significant investment in plants, property, and equipment.
Competition From Foreign Manufacturers
Overseas textile production has decimated the US fabric manufacturing industry.
Recent Developments
Sep 9, 2025 - De Minimis Action Supported by Textile Trade Group
- The National Council of Textile Organizations (NCTO) supports the end of the de minimis exemption, which went into effect in August 2025. An expansive bill signed into law in July by President Trump included a provision to eliminate the de minimis exemption, which had allowed imports under $800 to enter the US duty and tax free. NCTO CEO Kim Glas said the elimination of the loophole will “help rebalance the playing field for the domestic textile industry, which has seen the closure of 28 plants over the past 23 months.” The regulations establish a civil penalty for violators, with $5,000 for the first violation and $10,000 per subsequent offense. Earlier this year, Trump had suspended the de minimis exemption for imports from China. The number of shipments entering the US using the exemption in the last four years increased from 637 million to over 1 billion per year.
- Textile mills are one of the seven manufacturing industries reporting growth in August’s Manufacturing ISM Report on Business. Textile mills reported increases in production and new orders, a rise in employment, slower supplier deliveries, growth in order backlogs, higher inventories, and higher prices for raw materials. Other industries reporting growth were Apparel, Leather & Allied Products; Nonmetallic Mineral Products; Food, Beverage & Tobacco Products; Petroleum & Coal Products; Miscellaneous Manufacturing; and Primary Metals. Ten manufacturing industries reported contraction during the period, including Paper Products; Wood Products; Plastics & Rubber Products; Transportation Equipment; Furniture & Related Products; Machinery; Electrical Equipment, Appliances & Components; Computer & Electronic Products; Chemical Products; and Fabricated Metal Products. Overall, economic activity in the manufacturing sector contracted for the sixth consecutive month in August, with the Manufacturing PMI registering 48.7%.
- A newly released report by the International Textile Manufacturers Federation (ITMF) analyzes the cost components and carbon footprint of key textile manufacturing stages in 15 major production regions, according to Textile Value Chain. The ITMF’s International Production Cost Comparison (IPCC) report focused on 2023 data. For example, producing one meter of cotton woven fabric in a continuous open width process averaged USD 0.94 in 2023 (excluding raw material), with costs ranging from USD 0.70 in Bangladesh to USD 1.54 in Italy. Countries with the highest labor costs were Italy, the US, and Korea, while the lowest labor costs were in Indonesia, Egypt, and Bangladesh. The report showed energy costs were highest in Central America, Italy, and Mexico, while lowest in Pakistan and Egypt. Examining the carbon footprint of producing one meter of finished cotton fabric using continuous open width finishing, India had the highest emissions while Brazil recorded the lowest emissions.
- The US fabric mills industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.89% between 2025 and 2029, according to a forecast from Inforum and the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc. This rate is faster than the overall economy's anticipated growth. The nondurable goods manufacturing sector forecast indicates that the labor force is expected to diminish, barring immigration reform that allows greater numbers. However, new technologies could support labor productivity for the industry. Consumer sentiment is expected to improve in the forecast period, which bodes well for the sector. A factor that may curb consumer spending is substantially higher tariffs on consumer goods, which may be painful for households. On a positive note, lower inflation supports a moderate increase of real disposable income by about 2% in 2025 and 1.9% in 2026. Real income could suffer if average prices rise due to tariff implementation.
Industry Revenue
Fabric Mills

Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average nonwoven fabric mill employs about 90 workers and generates $37 million annually; the average broadwoven mill about 57 workers and $14 million annually; the average knit fabric mill about 48 workers and $10 million annually; and the average narrow fabric mill about 34 workers and $5.8 million annually.
- The fabric mill industry consists of about 679 companies that employ 42,700 workers and generate $13.8 billion annually.
- The textile mill industry includes fiber, yarn, and thread mills; fabric mills; and textile and fabric finishing and coating mills. Fabric mills may be vertically integrated and perform operations within the textile supply chain in addition to fabric production.
- The industry is concentrated; the top 50 companies account for 66% of industry revenue.
- Large companies with fabric mill operations include Elevate Textiles (Burlington), Milleken, and Albany International. Large firms may have operations in foreign countries.
- US textile production is primarily located in southeastern states and Pennsylvania. States with the largest textile workforces include Georgia and North Carolina.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Fabric Mills Industry Growth

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