HVAC & Plumbing Contractors
Industry Profile Report
Dive Deep into the industry with a 25+ page industry report (pdf format) including the following chapters
Industry Overview Current Conditions, Industry Structure, How Firms Operate, Industry Trends, Credit Underwriting & Risks, and Industry Forecast.
Call Preparation Call Prep Questions, Industry Terms, and Weblinks.
Financial Insights Working Capital, Capital Financing, Business Valuation, and Financial Benchmarks.
Industry Profile Excerpts
Industry Overview
The 105,000 HVAC and plumbing contractors in the US provide installation, repair, and maintenance services for air handling and water management systems. Just over 60% of HVAC and plumbing contractors are solo operators. Contractors may specialize in residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial service.
Dependence On Construction Industry
Demand for HVAC and plumbing services is highly dependent on trends in the construction industry.
Increasing Sophistication Of HVAC Systems
Demand for improved efficiency in the non-residential market has led to increasingly complex HVAC systems and automated monitoring programs.
Industry size & Structure
The average plumbing and HVAC contractor employs 11 workers and generates about $2 million in annual revenue.
- The HVAC and plumbing contractor industry consists of 105,000 companies (including solo operators), employs more than 1.2 million workers and generates $218 billion annually.
- Just over 60% of HVAC and plumbing contractors are solo operators and generate about $65,200 annually.
- Major customer segments include single family homes (20% of industry business), office buildings (10%), manufacturing and industrial buildings (5%), educational buildings (8%), commercial buildings (7%), health care and institutional buildings (6%), and apartment buildings (4%).
- Large companies include EMCOR Group, Comfort Systems USA, Johnson Controls, and ARS Rescue Rooter.
Industry Forecast
HVAC & Plumbing Contractors Industry Growth
Recent Developments
Dec 12, 2024 - Housing Market May Not Rebound in 2025
- The 2024 housing market is on track to be the slowest in nearly 30 years as high mortgage rates and home prices combined with extremely low housing inventories have kept homeowners locked in place and would-be homebuyers priced out of the market, according to The New York Times. The National Association of Realtors estimates that four million homes will be sold in 2024, marking the second straight year of historically weak activity and the slowest home sales since 1995. Market observers note that the housing crisis is a product of weak supply. Builders have struggled amid lingering pandemic-era problems, including high borrowing, labor, and materials costs. Freddie Mac estimates the housing shortage equals about 3.7 million homes. The outlook for 2025 remains uncertain as home prices and mortgage rates are expected to remain stubbornly high.
- The missing-middle segment of the US multifamily housing construction market saw its biggest gain in 17 years in the third quarter of 2024, according to The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). The missing middle, which consists of housing properties with 2-4 units, has been weak since the Great Recession. However, in the third quarter, there were 6,000 construction starts for projects with 2-4 units, more than double the amount in Q3 2023. The missing middle’s share of overall multifamily construction was just over 6% in Q3 2024, down considerably from about 11% that was typical between 2000 and 2010. While the NAHB notes that missing middle developments are likely to continue lagging absent zoning reforms, the recent increase is encouraging.
- The Dodge Momentum Index (DMI) decreased by 2.3% in November 2024 to 191.5 (2000=100), down from the revised October reading of 196. The Momentum Index is a monthly measure of the first (or initial) report for nonresidential building projects in planning, which has been shown to lead construction spending for nonresidential buildings by a full year. On a monthly basis, the commercial planning component fell 4.6%, but institutional increased 2.5%. Dodge’s associate director of forecasting, Sarah Martin, said, “Throughout 2024, we’ve seen robust growth in nonresidential planning activity – but labor shortages and high construction costs have prevented those projects from moving through the planning process at a normal pace. The current backlog may be constraining demand for commercial planning in the short-term. Uncertainty over new tariff and immigration policies under President-elect Trump’s administration may also generate some pause with developers, although it’s a bit too early to tell if that’s the primary factor here. Overall, easing monetary policy will help alleviate the backlog of projects in the planning queue throughout 2025 and spur more demand for projects in the coming months.”
- Private-Equity (PE) firms are increasingly investing in fragmented skilled trades industries, including HVAC and plumbing services companies, according to The Wall Street Journal. Since 2022, PE investors have bought nearly 800 plumbing, HVAC, and electrical companies in the US, according to Pitchbook. That doesn’t include smaller deals that data firms don’t track. The PE strategy for home services is similar to PE plays in other fragmented industries, including car washes and assisted living facilities. PE firms buy up businesses to create larger firms and improve margins by leveraging existing management expertise. Deep PE pockets also help boost marketing and labor budgets. While some industry observers suggest the increased PE interest in home services firms has improved exit strategy opportunities for mom-and-pop businesses, critics argue PE consolidation reduces competition and increases consumer prices.
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