HVAC & Plumbing Contractors
Industry Profile Report
Dive Deep into the industry with a 25+ page industry report (pdf format) including the following chapters
Industry Overview Current Conditions, Industry Structure, How Firms Operate, Industry Trends, Credit Underwriting & Risks, and Industry Forecast.
Call Preparation Call Prep Questions, Industry Terms, and Weblinks.
Financial Insights Working Capital, Capital Financing, Business Valuation, and Financial Benchmarks.
Industry Profile Excerpts
Industry Overview
The 105,000 HVAC and plumbing contractors in the US provide installation, repair, and maintenance services for air handling and water management systems. Just over 60% of HVAC and plumbing contractors are solo operators. Contractors may specialize in residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial service.
Dependence On Construction Industry
Demand for HVAC and plumbing services is highly dependent on trends in the construction industry.
Increasing Sophistication Of HVAC Systems
Demand for improved efficiency in the non-residential market has led to increasingly complex HVAC systems and automated monitoring programs.
Industry size & Structure
The average plumbing and HVAC contractor employs 11 workers and generates about $2 million in annual revenue.
- The HVAC and plumbing contractor industry consists of 105,000 companies (including solo operators), employs more than 1.2 million workers and generates $218 billion annually.
- Just over 60% of HVAC and plumbing contractors are solo operators and generate about $65,200 annually.
- Major customer segments include single family homes (20% of industry business), office buildings (10%), manufacturing and industrial buildings (5%), educational buildings (8%), commercial buildings (7%), health care and institutional buildings (6%), and apartment buildings (4%).
- Large companies include EMCOR Group, Comfort Systems USA, Johnson Controls, and ARS Rescue Rooter.
Industry Forecast
HVAC & Plumbing Contractors Industry Growth
Recent Developments
Nov 12, 2024 - Private-Equity Firms Increase Investments in Skilled Trades
- Private-Equity (PE) firms are increasingly investing in fragmented skilled trades industries, including HVAC and plumbing services companies, according to The Wall Street Journal. Since 2022, PE investors have bought nearly 800 plumbing, HVAC, and electrical companies in the US, according to Pitchbook. That doesn’t include smaller deals that data firms don’t track. The PE strategy for home services is similar to PE plays in other fragmented industries, including car washes and assisted living facilities. PE firms buy up businesses to create larger firms and improve margins by leveraging existing management expertise. Deep PE pockets also help boost marketing and labor budgets. While some industry observers suggest the increased PE interest in home services firms has improved exit strategy opportunities for mom-and-pop businesses, critics argue PE consolidation reduces competition and increases consumer prices.
- Multifamily developers’ confidence was mixed in the third quarter of 2024, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) latest Multifamily Market Survey. The Multifamily Production Index (MPI) rose two points in Q3 2024 to 40 compared to the third quarter of 2023. The Multifamily Occupancy Index decreased by seven points to 75 over the same period. An MPI or MOI reading of 50 or more indicates that multifamily production or occupancy, respectively, is growing. Multifamily developers’ headwinds include a tight lending environment, higher borrowing costs, regulations, and land availability. The NAHB forecasts that multifamily construction activity will remain weak for about another year amid a significant volume of projects under construction. Multifamily construction is expected to return to more robust growth near the end of 2025.
- Home remodeling spending is expected to resume more robust growth by the middle of 2025, according to the Leading Indicator of Remodeling Activity (LIRA) report released in October by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard. Homeowner improvements and repairs are expected to decrease 2.1% to $469 billion in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to Q4 2023. In the first quarter of 2025, remodeling spending will drop 2.1% from Q1 2024 to $454 billion. Spending will then rise to $473 billion in Q2 2025, up 0.6% from Q2 2024. In the third quarter of 2025, year-over-year spending is forecast to increase by 1.2% to $477 billion. The Joint Center expects remodeling activity to be supported by improving existing home sales and higher home values, which will boost spending for necessary replacement and discretionary home improvement projects.
- For the tax year 2023, about 2.3 million tax returns utilized the Energy Efficient Home Improvement credit (25C tax credit) under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022, according to the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) most recent clean energy tax credit statistics. The 25C tax credits, which are based on 30% of the improvement’s cost, help homeowners pay for qualifying energy-efficiency improvements to their primary or secondary residences. Some of the credits are for HVAC and plumbing upgrades, including heat pumps ($2,000 annual credit limit), heat pump water heaters ($2,000), efficient AC units ($600), efficient furnaces/boilers ($600), and efficient water heaters ($600). The credits are available until 2032, and the combined annual maximum credit is capped at $3,200. The 25C credit can be used to help cover the purchase and installation costs for heat pumps; heat pump water heaters; efficient AC units, furnaces and boilers; and efficient water heaters.
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