Kidney Dialysis Centers NAICS 621492

        Kidney Dialysis Centers

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Industry Summary

The 8,500 kidney dialysis centers in the US provide dialysis treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), also known as chronic kidney failure. Patients with ESRD require dialysis treatments or a kidney transplant to sustain life. Dialysis is the removal of toxins, fluids, and salt from the blood of patients by artificial means.

Dependence on Government Reimbursements

Kidney dialysis centers earn the majority of their revenue through reimbursements from Medicare and Medicaid, since all ESRD patients are covered by Medicare, regardless of their age or financial circumstances.


Recent Developments

Jul 9, 2025 - One Big Beautiful Bill Includes Significant Medicaid Cuts
  • President Trump has signed into law the $3.4 trillion One Big Beautiful Bill that is estimated by Healio to include $930 billion in Medicaid cuts over 10 years. Kidney dialysis centers earn the majority of their revenue through reimbursements from Medicare and Medicaid. Nearly 12 million more people may be uninsured by 2034, with many losing coverage because of the Medicaid provisions in the bill, according to a US Congressional Budget Office analysis. For the first time in the Medicaid program’s nearly 60-year history, certain able-bodied adults aged 19 years to 64 years will be required to work, participate in job training, volunteer, or enroll in school at least 80 hours a month to maintain their Medicaid benefits. This will also be required for parents of children aged 14 years and older.
  • Kidneys from living donors are allowing many people with advanced kidney disease to receive transplants before their kidneys deteriorate so much that they need dialysis, according to researchers at the Mayo Clinic. Demand for dialysis may decrease if more transplants are performed earlier. Patients typically become candidates for a kidney transplant when their kidney function drops below 20%. Dialysis usually starts when function reaches around 10%. If you start thinking about transplantation at this time, it is often too late, and you will be on dialysis awhile, according to Mayo Clinic, transplant surgeon Dr. Mikel Prieto. "So that's the sweet spot: transplant between 20% and 10% of kidney function. That's what we call preemptive transplantation," Dr. Prieto says. "That's what we try to do here at Mayo. If we time things right, we can do the transplant and avoid dialysis altogether."
  • Fewer patients starting dialysis are enrolling in Medicare since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014 and are instead opting for private insurance, according to a study published in in JAMA Health Forum. The ACA expanded access to private insurance by preventing plans from denying coverage because of preexisting conditions, promoting state insurance exchanges, and relaxing special enrollment periods. “Dialysis expenditures for privately insurance patients were at least twice as high as patients with Medicaid who enrolled in Medicare after dialysis initiation and several times higher for patients with Medicaid who did not enroll in Medicare,” the investigators note. “This may lead to unnecessarily high overall societal costs and inequitable access to care for some patients, which ultimately affects payers, patients, and overall consumers (ie, overall consumer health care insurance premiums are not limited to patients with ESKD).”
  • Kidney dialysis center industry employment decreased slightly and average wages for nonsupervisory employees increased slightly during the first five months of 2025, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Kidney dialysis industry sales are forecast to increase at a 5.75% compounded annual rate from 2025 to 2029, faster than the growth of the overall economy, according to Inforum and the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc.

Industry Revenue

Kidney Dialysis Centers


Industry Structure

Industry size & Structure

A typical kidney dialysis center has 15 employees and generates about $3-4 million in revenue.

    • The kidney dialysis center industry in the US consists of 507 firms operating about 8,500 centers, employing 129,400 workers, and generating $28.2 billion in annual revenue.
    • The industry is highly concentrated, as the two largest firms – Fresenius Medical and DaVita – treat about 80% of kidney dialysis patients in the US and account for 72% of outpatient dialysis centers.
    • Other large kidney dialysis firms include US Renal Care, Dialysis Clinic, Inc., American Renal Associates, and Satellite Healthcare.
    • There are about 558,000 patients receiving dialysis treatment in the US.
    • 85% of US dialysis patients receive hemodialysis treatment, usually at a kidney dialysis center. About 2% receive hemodialysis at home. About 15% of dialysis patients receive peritoneal dialysis, usually at home.

                              Industry Forecast

                              Industry Forecast
                              Kidney Dialysis Centers Industry Growth
                              Source: Vertical IQ and Inforum

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