Kidney Dialysis Centers NAICS 621492

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Industry Summary
The 8,500 kidney dialysis centers in the US provide dialysis treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), also known as chronic kidney failure. Patients with ESRD require dialysis treatments or a kidney transplant to sustain life. Dialysis is the removal of toxins, fluids, and salt from the blood of patients by artificial means.
Competing with Large Companies
The US kidney dialysis center industry is dominated by two large players – Fresenius Medical and DaVita – which together have 72% of the market.
Dependence on Government Reimbursements
Kidney dialysis centers earn the majority of their revenue through reimbursements from Medicare and Medicaid, since all ESRD patients are covered by Medicare, regardless of their age or financial circumstances.
Recent Developments
May 15, 2025 - Living Kidney Donation, Medical Advances Help Patients Avoid Dialysis
- Kidneys from living donors are allowing many people with advanced kidney disease to receive transplants before their kidneys deteriorate so much that they need dialysis, according to researchers at the Mayo Clinic. Demand for dialysis may decrease if more transplants are performed earlier. Patients typically become candidates for a kidney transplant when their kidney function drops below 20%. Dialysis usually starts when function reaches around 10%. If you start thinking about transplantation at this time, it is often too late, and you will be on dialysis awhile, according to Mayo Clinic, transplant surgeon Dr. Mikel Prieto. "So that's the sweet spot: transplant between 20% and 10% of kidney function. That's what we call preemptive transplantation," Dr. Prieto says. "That's what we try to do here at Mayo. If we time things right, we can do the transplant and avoid dialysis altogether."
- Chronic Kidney Disease is on trend to become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by 2050, according to the Medical Advisory Council of the Global Patient Alliance for Kidney Health. The disease has been trending upwards as a cause of death for years, moving up from ninth in 2019 and 18th in 1990. The absence of symptoms until the disease is well advanced can mean that kidney disease is often not diagnosed until it’s too late to avoid kidney failure. Up to 90% of kidney function can be lost without symptoms, meaning diagnosis is often too late.
- Fewer patients starting dialysis are enrolling in Medicare since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014 and are instead opting for private insurance, according to a study published in in JAMA Health Forum. The ACA expanded access to private insurance by preventing plans from denying coverage because of preexisting conditions, promoting state insurance exchanges, and relaxing special enrollment periods. “Dialysis expenditures for privately insurance patients were at least twice as high as patients with Medicaid who enrolled in Medicare after dialysis initiation and several times higher for patients with Medicaid who did not enroll in Medicare,” the investigators note. “This may lead to unnecessarily high overall societal costs and inequitable access to care for some patients, which ultimately affects payers, patients, and overall consumers (ie, overall consumer health care insurance premiums are not limited to patients with ESKD).”
- Kidney dialysis center industry employment and average wages for nonsupervisory employees increased slightly during the first three months of 2025, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Kidney dialysis industry sales are forecast to increase at a 5.75% compounded annual rate from 2025 to 2029, faster than the growth of the overall economy, according to Inforum and the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc.
Industry Revenue
Kidney Dialysis Centers

Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
A typical kidney dialysis center has 15 employees and generates about $3-4 million in revenue.
- The kidney dialysis center industry in the US consists of 507 firms operating about 8,500 centers, employing 129,400 workers, and generating $28.2 billion in annual revenue.
- The industry is highly concentrated, as the two largest firms – Fresenius Medical and DaVita – treat about 80% of kidney dialysis patients in the US and account for 72% of outpatient dialysis centers.
- Other large kidney dialysis firms include US Renal Care, Dialysis Clinic, Inc., American Renal Associates, and Satellite Healthcare.
- There are about 558,000 patients receiving dialysis treatment in the US.
- 86% of US dialysis patients receive hemodialysis treatment, usually at a kidney dialysis center. About 2% receive hemodialysis at home. About 14% of dialysis patients receive peritoneal dialysis, usually at home.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Kidney Dialysis Centers Industry Growth

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