Limited-Service Restaurants NAICS 722513
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Industry Summary
The 159,000 limited-service restaurants in the US offer counter service, a practice in which patrons order food and beverage and pay before eating. Food and beverages may be consumed on-premise, taken out, or delivered. Franchises, like McDonald’s and Subway, are ubiquitous in the limited-service restaurant industry and provide independent owners with a well-known brand name and operational and marketing support.
Competition from Alternative Meal Sources
Limited-service restaurants face competition from various alternative sources, including full-service restaurants, prepared foods, specialty food and beverage retailers, and home cooking.
Junk Food Reputation
Fast food (aka "junk food") has a reputation for being unhealthy, an image that runs counter to the consumer trend toward more nutritious eating.
Recent Developments
Jun 14, 2026 - Employee Ownership
- P Terry's Burger Stand has transitioned to employee ownership through the creation of an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), making its 1,800 workers beneficial owners of the company, QSR reports. The move is intended to preserve the 38-location chain's culture, reward employees, and support long-term growth while maintaining operational independence. For the limited-service restaurant industry, the transaction highlights employee ownership as a potential strategy for improving retention, engagement, and succession planning in a highly competitive labor market. With labor shortages and turnover remaining persistent challenges, employee ownership may help restaurant operators attract and retain workers while aligning employee interests with company performance. Employee ownership is an alternative to private equity sales or franchising for founder-led restaurant brands seeking to preserve their culture and business model while planning for future expansion.
- Fast-food restaurants are proving resilient despite rising gas prices linked to the Iran war, The New York Times reported in May. The average price of a gallon of regular unleaded gasoline rose 35% during March, according to the AAA auto club. Nevertheless, limited-service giants like McDonald’s, Burger King, and Taco Bell all reported solid sales growth in the quarter ended March, with McDonald’s US same-store sales up 3.9%, suggesting that higher fuel costs have not significantly reduced consumer spending on fast food, even among more price-sensitive customers. A key reason is the industry’s focus on value. Chains are attracting customers with low-cost menu options, including meals priced under $3 and discounted breakfast deals. Their value-focused strategy is helping maintain traffic even as household budgets are under pressure from high gas prices.
- A combination of record high beef prices and value-hungry consumers has burger-centric restaurant chains in a vise, The Wall Street Journal reported in March. Limited-service operators McDonald’s and Burger King are facing significant margin pressure as beef prices surge at a time when consumers are demanding lower prices. Wholesale beef costs have risen about 48% over the past year, resulting in higher input costs for core menu items like burgers. Nevertheless, chains like McDonald’s and Burger King are expanding value menus and promotions to attract price-sensitive customers amid declining foot traffic. Some chains are offsetting pressure through technology, operational efficiency, and high sales volume, though smaller players are more vulnerable. Fast-food restaurants reported overall profit margins of 4% last year as costs rose, particularly for labor.
- Total seasonally adjusted sales for food services and drinking places were $99.7 billion in January, a 3.75% change compared to a year ago but down slightly from the holiday month of December, according to the latest data from the Census Bureau. Employment by limited-service restaurants grew just 0.5% in March compared to a year ago, while the average industry wage rose 3.7% over the same period to a new high of$17.15 per hour, according to the latest US Bureau of Labor Department data. Employment growth and wage inflation, fueled by rising minimum wages in 19 states beginning in January 2026, are driving up payroll costs for restaurant operators.
Industry Revenue
Limited-Service Restaurants
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average limited-service restaurant employs about 30 workers and generates about $2.3 million annually.
- The limited-service restaurant industry consists of about 159,000 firms that employ between 4 million and 5 million workers and generates over $367 billion annually.
- The limited-service restaurant industry includes chains, franchises, and independent operators. Large franchises include McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Burger King, Subway, and Panera Bread. Large chains include Chick-fil-A, Chipotle, and Panda Express. The largest firms have an international presence.
- Limited-service restaurants accounted for 34.6% of food-away-from-home expenditures in 2010 and peaked at 37.6% in 2020. They continued to capture the largest share of food-away-from-home spending through 2024.
- Between 1997 and 2022, spending at limited-service restaurants increased by over 300% from $112 billion to $468 billion.
- Quick-service restaurants (aka fast-food restaurants) accounted for 88% of limited-service operator sales in 2024, compared to just 12% for fast casual chain restaurants.
- About 80% of fast-food chain's restaurants are franchised.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Limited-Service Restaurants Industry Growth
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