Lumber Distributors
Industry Profile Report
Dive Deep into the industry with a 25+ page industry report (pdf format) including the following chapters
Industry Overview Current Conditions, Industry Structure, How Firms Operate, Industry Trends, Credit Underwriting & Risks, and Industry Forecast.
Call Preparation Call Prep Questions, Industry Terms, and Weblinks.
Financial Insights Working Capital, Capital Financing, Business Valuation, and Financial Benchmarks.
Industry Profile Excerpts
Industry Overview
The 4,600 lumber distributors and wholesalers in the US act as middlemen between suppliers, retailers, and builders. Companies purchase stock and custom-ordered materials from sawmills, plywood and engineered wood product manufacturers, importers, and foreign suppliers and resell them to retailers, builders, lumber yards, and manufacturers. Firms may also provide engineering services or product modification such as cutting or planing wood to specified sizes or thicknesses.
Demand Tied to Residential Construction
Demand for lumber is largely tied to residential construction spending, which is cyclical and influenced by economic conditions.
Fluctuating Lumber Costs
The prices that manufacturers charge for wood products can fluctuate significantly and rapidly, driven by variability in underlying commodity costs.
Industry size & Structure
The average lumber distributor employs 24-25 workers and generates $21 million annually.
- The lumber distribution industry consists of about 4,600 firms that employ 116,000 workers and generate about $98 billion annually.
- Plywood, veneer, millwork, and wood panel wholesalers account for 60% of firms and 49% of revenue. Lumber distributors account for 40% of firms and 51% of sales.
- The industry is concentrated at the top and fragmented at the bottom; the top 50 companies account for 50% of industry revenue.
- Only 1.5% of firms earn $100 million or more annually; those firms account for 29% of industry sales.
- Large firms include Builders First Source, Forest City Trading Group, and US LBM. Some of the largest firms, like Rex Lumber, still operate regionally.
Industry Forecast
Lumber Distributors Industry Growth
Recent Developments
Jan 24, 2025 - Residential Construction Loan Volumes Decline
- In the third quarter of 2024, the volume of outstanding residential acquisition, development, and construction (AD&C) loans made by FDIC-insured institutions declined for the third quarter in a row, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). The value of residential AD&C loans in Q3 2024 was $490.7 billion compared to $495.8 billion in Q2 2024. The volume of residential AD&C loans is expected to rise in 2025 as the Federal Reserve continues its monetary easing policies, but potential headwinds include the federal deficit and economic uncertainty.
- Home remodeling spending is expected to see slight gains in 2025 after two years of weakening expenditures, according to the Leading Indicator of Remodeling Activity (LIRA) report released in January by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard. Homeowner improvements and repairs are expected to increase by 0.4% to $513 billion in the first quarter of 2025 compared to Q1 2024. In the second quarter of 2025, remodeling spending will rise quarter-over-quarter to $505 billion, up 0.7% from Q2 2024. Spending will then increase to $506 billion in Q3 2025, up 1.2% from Q3 2024. In the fourth quarter of 2025, year-over-year spending is forecast to rise 1.2% to $509 billion. Joint Center expects improvements to be supported by rising home values, a steady labor market, and gradually improving existing home sales. Better retail sales of building materials and solid remodeling permitting activity should also support home improvement spending.
- In the third week of January 2025, commodity prices for lumber were about $552 per thousand board feet - essentially unchanged from a month earlier, according to Trading Economics. Lumber prices were also flat on a year-over-year basis. Shortly after taking office, President Trump warned he would impose a 25% tariff on lumber imports from Canada beginning on February 1st, 2025. A higher tariff on Canadian lumber imports would push prices higher, which could reduce lumber demand as builders look to alternative materials. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of lumber to the US market.
- After posting solid gains in 2023 and 2024, construction spending for nonresidential buildings is expected to slow significantly in 2025 and 2026, according to the American Institute of Architects’ (AIA) Consensus Construction Forecast released in January. Total spending for nonresidential building construction increased by 20% in 2023 and another 6% in 2024 but is forecast to slip to 2.2% in 2025 and 2.6% in 2026. For the next two years, growth will be led by data centers, which should support modest office construction in an otherwise challenging market. The warehouse sector is oversupplied, which will limit spending growth. Spending on institutional projects should remain stable as they are less susceptible to cyclical factors. AIA Chief Economist Kermit Baker said, “The modest outlook is partly based on a few expected headwinds to building activity, including potential tariffs on imports. There is also policy concern around how the construction labor force might be impacted by emerging immigration policy. Construction sector spending has been exceedingly strong – albeit unusually unbalanced – and coupled with these headwinds the projections are only very modest gains the next two years.” .
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