Lumber Distributors NAICS 423310

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Industry Summary
The 4,600 lumber distributors and wholesalers in the US act as middlemen between suppliers, retailers, and builders. Companies purchase stock and custom-ordered materials from sawmills, plywood and engineered wood product manufacturers, importers, and foreign suppliers and resell them to retailers, builders, lumber yards, and manufacturers. Firms may also provide engineering services or product modification such as cutting or planing wood to specified sizes or thicknesses.
Demand Tied to Residential Construction
Demand for lumber is largely tied to residential construction spending, which is cyclical and influenced by economic conditions.
Fluctuating Lumber Costs
The prices that manufacturers charge for wood products can fluctuate significantly and rapidly, driven by variability in underlying commodity costs.
Recent Developments
Jul 23, 2025 - More Multifamily Development Outside Major Metros
- Apartment construction is increasingly shifting away from dense urban centers toward less populated and more affordable regions, according to the NAHB’s Q1 2025 Home Building Geography Index and reporting by Smart Cities Dive. Since 2016, large metro core counties have seen a 9.6 percentage-point drop in market share for apartment starts, hitting a low of 35.5%. The trend is fueled by affordability concerns, demographic shifts—especially the rise of older renters seeking suburban lifestyles—and project owners favoring lower-cost developments in exurbs and rural areas. Developers are pursuing projects farther out where land is cheaper and expansion is easier, though total activity in these areas remains relatively small.
- North American single-family construction and engineering spending in 2025 is expected to grow by 1% after increasing an estimated 2% in 2024, according to FMI’s third-quarter 2025 North American Engineering and Construction Outlook. FMI projects that 30-year mortgage rates will stay between 6% and 7% through 2026, impacting affordability. A recent jump in new apartment supply and unfavorable cost conditions will reduce multifamily spending by 9% in 2025, but the widening cost gap between renting and buying a home supports the multifamily market in the long term. The aging of the US housing stock and high home values drive demand for residential improvement spending, but high interest rates and elevated materials and labor costs will limit home improvement spending to 1% growth in 2025.
- Home remodeling spending growth is expected to remain flat in 2025 and the first half of 2026, according to the Leading Indicator of Remodeling Activity (LIRA) report by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard. Homeowner improvements and repairs are expected to increase 2% to $509 billion in the third quarter of 2025 compared to Q3 2024. In the fourth quarter of 2025, remodeling spending will rise quarter-over-quarter to $511 billion, up 1.8% from Q4 2024. Spending will increase to $524 billion in Q1 2026, up 2.2% from Q1 2025. In the second quarter of 2026, year-over-year spending is forecast to rise 1.2% to $518 billion. Joint Center expects a weak housing market to put downward pressure on remodeling spending. However, recent federal cuts to incentives for efficiency improvements may spur short-term growth as homeowners make upgrades before benefits expire at the end of the year.
- Single-family housing starts decreased 4.6% in June 2025 from May, marking the weakest starts activity since June 2024, according to the US Census Bureau. Permitting activity for single-family housing – an indicator of future homebuilding activity – rose 0.2% in June compared to the month before. High interest rates, economic uncertainty, and an oversupply of unsold new homes are weighing on the US homebuilding market, according to Reuters. The inventory of new homes waiting to be sold is the highest since 2007. Some economists suggest that lower interest rates would be a lifeline for the sluggish housing market, but the Federal Reserve is concerned that lowering rates could exacerbate the inflationary effects of the Trump administration’s tariff policies.
Industry Revenue
Lumber Distributors

Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average lumber distributor employs 25 workers and generates $37.6 million annually.
- The lumber distribution industry consists of about 4,600 firms that employ 114,700 workers and generate about $171.3 billion annually.
- Plywood, veneer, millwork, and wood panel wholesalers account for 60% of firms and 49% of revenue. Lumber distributors account for 40% of firms and 51% of sales.
- The industry is concentrated at the top and fragmented at the bottom; the top 50 companies account for 64% of industry revenue.
- Only 1.5% of firms earn $100 million or more annually; those firms account for 29% of industry sales.
- Large firms include Builders First Source, Forest City Trading Group, and US LBM. Some of the largest firms, like Rex Lumber, still operate regionally.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Lumber Distributors Industry Growth

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