Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals NAICS 622210

        Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals

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Industry Summary

The 420 psychiatric and substance abuse facilities provide diagnostic evaluations, medical treatments, and continuous monitoring for individuals with mental illnesses or substance use issues in an inpatient setting. Staffed by medical professionals, therapists, social workers, and other specialized personnel, these facilities also provide beds and meals, as treatment often involves prolonged stays.

Dependence on Third-Party Payors

Government programs and private health insurance are the primary payors of inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse treatment.

Risky Patient Population

Individuals with complex psychiatric or substance abuse disorders are often admitted during a crisis and at a higher risk of suicide or overdose.


Recent Developments

Feb 4, 2026 - Some States Expand ACA Subsidies
  • Six states have taken measures to offset the cost of Affordable Care Act (ACA) plans after a lapse in federal funding left millions of Americans facing higher premiums, according to Healthinsurance.org. Insurance coverage is a key determinant in accessing mental health services, according to health policy research firm KFF. California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New Mexico have increased their state-funded ACA subsidies for 2026 in response to the expiration of federal tax credits at the end of 2025. The states "modified or enhanced their programs directly to address the reduction in federal premium subsidies," said Louise Norris, a health policy analyst for Healthinsurance. Nonprofit health group KFF reports that several states, especially those operating what are known as State-Based Marketplaces, have been preparing for the lapse of ACA tax credits for months. New Mexico, for example, will fully offset the loss of the federal tax credits for all residents, including recent immigrants. Ten states offer ACA subsidies but only six have increased them since federal subsidies lapsed.
  • All 50 states and the District of Columbia have seen fentanyl-related drug deaths decrease to levels not seen since 2020, according to an analysis of US overdose data conducted by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Demand for substance abuse treatment may decrease if the decrease in fentanyl-related drug deaths is due at least in part to a decrease in fentanyl use. "We are on track to return to levels of [fatal] overdose before fentanyl emerged," said Nabarun Dasgupta, lead researcher on the project which examined overdose records from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Drug deaths in the US are down roughly a quarter, according to provisional Centers for Disease Control data. That includes fentanyl and other illicit drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine.
  • A study published in BMJ Global Health found that community-based mental healthcare (CMH) outperforms institutionalized treatment in addressing severe mental illness. Study participants who received CMH had significantly lower disability than those who had received treatment as usual at an 18-month follow-up. The researchers also reported that CMH produced a 6.4% higher treatment response rate than standard institutional care.
  • Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals increased prices 5.33%% year over year in September, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Psychiatric and substance abuse hospital industry employment decreased slightly and average wages for nonsupervisory employees increased slightly during the first 11 months of 2025, according to the BLS. Psychiatric and substance abuse hospital sales are forecast to grow at a 6.94% compounded annual rate from 2025 to 2029, faster than the growth of the overall economy, according to Inforum and the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc.

Industry Revenue

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals


Industry Structure

Industry size & Structure

The average psychiatric and substance abuse hospital organization employs almost 600 workers and generates just over $70 million annually.

    • The psychiatric and substance abuse hospital industry consists of about 400 firms that employ over 230,000 workers and generate almost $30 billion annually.
    • The industry is concentrated; the top 50 companies account for over 50% of industry revenue. Firms that generate $10 million or more annually account for 84% of firms and 97% of revenue.
    • Almost 75% of firms are tax-exempt organizations. For-profit ownership is more common among substance abuse facilities, while public ownership is more common among mental health facilities, according to KFF.
    • Distribution of ownership also varies by state. Fewer than 200 state-operated psychiatric hospitals exist in the US. Some states have a single facility.
    • Large companies include Acadia Healthcare, Universal Health Services, and American Addiction Centers (AAC).

                                    Industry Forecast

                                    Industry Forecast
                                    Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals Industry Growth
                                    Source: Vertical IQ and Inforum

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