Psychiatric Practices NAICS 621112
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Industry Summary
The 12,500 psychiatric practices in the US provide mental health care through private practices, group practices, or medical facilities (hospitals, HMOs). Firms generate the majority of revenue through visits and consultations. Other sources of revenue include non-surgical interventions. Psychiatric practices may specialize in a particular type of disorder (eating disorders, behavioral problems, substance abuse) or patient (elderly adults, children, adolescents).
Dependence on Referrals
Because psychiatric care is highly personal and involves sensitive information, many patients rely on referrals to obtain services.
Drug Treatment Prevails
The advent of prescription drugs to treat mental illness created a fundamental shift in how the medical community provides psychiatric care.
Recent Developments
Nov 10, 2025 - ACA Insurance Premiums May Increase Significantly
- Affordable Care Act (ACA) premiums may increase significantly in 2026 because enhanced premium tax credits for policies are set to expire at the end of 2025. Insurance coverage is a key determinant in accessing mental health services, according to health policy research firm KFF. The credits are a key political flashpoint fueling the ongoing government shutdown, according to Investopedia. Congressional Democrats say that they won’t vote to reopen the government without action on subsidies and other health care issues, while GOP leaders say they won’t negotiate on health care reform while the government is shut down. The expanded credits, first introduced by the Biden-era American Rescue Plan, increased the previous subsidy amount and eliminated the eligibility income cap. The credits are commonly credited with making Obamacare plans cheaper, doubling signups, and driving the uninsured rate to record lows, according to Investopedia. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities researchers found that without the enhanced premium tax credits, an average ACA enrollee will see their out-of-pocket premiums more than double, spiking by $1,000 a year. People in their sixties with middle incomes could pay $25,000 more.
- Hundreds of billions of dollars in cuts to federal health care spending passed as part of the 2025 Budget Reconciliation Act, also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, could negatively impact mental health and substance abuse professionals who work in schools. Schools are legally required to provide certain medical services, such as for students with disabilities who are enrolled in a special education program. Under the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which governs special education services, public school students with disabilities must be placed on education plans tailored to their needs. Such plans can include medical services such as physical therapy, mental health counseling or speech pathology. Medicaid cuts in schools are expected to lead to school health staff layoffs, a reduction in mental and behavioral health services, and a reduction in resources for students with disabilities, according to the Healthy Schools Campaign. The 2025 Budget Reconciliation Act is estimated by Healio to include $930 billion in Medicaid cuts over 10 years. Mental health and substance abuse centers rely primarily on insurance companies, managed care organizations, and government programs including Medicaid as their main sources of revenue. Nearly 12 million more people may be uninsured by 2034, with many losing coverage because of the Medicaid provisions in the bill, according to a US Congressional Budget Office analysis. For the first time in the Medicaid program’s nearly 60-year history, certain able-bodied adults aged 19 years to 64 years will be required to work, participate in job training, volunteer, or enroll in school at least 80 hours a month to maintain their Medicaid benefits. This will also be required for parents of children aged 14 years and older.
- More people will delay treatment for mental health problems now that the federal government has cut Medicaid funding, according to Spencer Hospital (IA) CEO Brenda Tiefenthaler. The US Congress is considering plans to cut Medicaid to help pay for tax cuts, according to health policy organization KFF. Medicaid recipients are particularly likely to need mental health care. More than a third of nonelderly Medicaid enrollees have some sort of mental illness, according to KFF. Medicaid covers health care for about 72 million Americans with low incomes or disabilities, according to National Public Radio.
- Psychiatric practice industry employment and average wages for nonsupervisory employees increased slightly during the first seven months of 2025, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychiatric practice sales are forecast to grow at a 5.46% compounded annual rate from 2025 to 2029, faster than the growth of the overall economy, according to Inforum and the Interindustry Economic Research Fund, Inc.
Industry Revenue
Psychiatric Practices
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The average psychiatric practice operates out of a single location, employs 7 workers, and generates about $803,000 annually.
- The psychiatric services industry consists of about 12,500 firms that employ about 83,800 workers and generate about $10.1 billion annually.
- The industry is extremely fragmented; the top 50 companies account for less than 25% of industry revenue.
- Most psychiatric practices are small, independent firms that operate locally. State licensing requirements create geographical restrictions.
- Large practices, such as Psychiatric Solutions, operate as part of hospitals or inpatient psychiatric care providers, such as Universal Health Services (UHS).
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
Psychiatric Practices Industry Growth
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