Specialized Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction NAICS 237990

        Specialized Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

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Industry Summary

The 4,500 specialized heavy and civil engineering construction firms engage in a broad range of non-residential construction work. Major project categories include mass transit (railroads, subways); marine construction (dredging, navigational channels, locks, docks); tunnels; outdoor recreational areas (athletic fields, parks, trails, golf courses, campgrounds); conservation and development (dams, drainage canals, flood control); and harbor and port facilities.

Uneven, Seasonal Demand

Demand for specialized heavy and civil engineering construction services is uneven and seasonal.

Dependence on Government Funding

Demand for specialized heavy and civil engineering construction services is driven by public construction projects, which rely on government funding.


Recent Developments

Apr 7, 2025 - Public Projects Boost Construction Spending
  • The total value of construction put in place increased 0.7% in February compared to January, according to the US Census Bureau. Spending on nonresidential projects rose 0.3% to a record $1.26 trillion. Conservation and development spending increased 4.2% in February over January, and water supply projects saw a 1.6% rise. Highway and street construction projects accounted for 40% of February’s nonresidential gains as public projects drove growth, according to Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) analysis of US Census Bureau data. While public nonresidential spending was up 6.1% in February over the same month in 2024, private nonresidential spending has not kept pace, growing just 2.5% over the same period. In a press release, ABC’s Chief Economist Anirban Basu said, “The mix of high interest rates, tight lending standards, and unprecedented uncertainty regarding trade policy will continue to weigh on private sector construction in the coming months.”
  • The state of US infrastructure received a grade of C, according to a recent report card issued by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) that rates 18 infrastructure categories. The C rating was the highest grade since the ASCE began releasing the reports in 1998. The ASCE cited increased infrastructure spending through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act as the primary driver for the grade improvement. In terms of heavy and civil infrastructure projects, on the high end, ports and rail received a B and a B-, respectively, while stormwater infrastructure got a D. The authors of the ASCE reports urged leaders in Washington DC, ““to continue sustained investment in infrastructure and build on progress made to improve infrastructure after decades of deferred funding and under investment.”
  • Soon after taking office, President Trump issued an executive order called “Unleashing American Energy” that included an order to pause and review funding processes that some legal experts suggest will likely have ramifications for the Biden-era Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), according to Construction Dive. Many stakeholders found the order's wording unclear, prompting the Office of Management and Budget to issue a memo limiting the funding pause to programs the original order termed as part of the “Green New Deal.” Even with the clarifying memo, experts suggest the order could stop obligated funding for infrastructure projects that are already underway. The order has faced court challenges, and some legal experts suggest it may take months to understand the repercussions of Trump’s order fully. At the end of 2024, about $294 billion in funding authorized under the IIJA remained unspent.
  • Spending related to transportation projects - including rail, airports, and ports – is projected to rise 4% in 2025, 5% in 2026, and 4% in 2027 and 2028, according to FMI’s first-quarter 2025 North American Engineering and Construction Outlook. An anticipated doubling of air passenger and cargo volumes before 2040 is driving spending for airport enhancements, while increased manufacturing construction is boosting rail and port investments. Construction spending for conservation and development projects is expected to rise by 1% in 2025, 2% in 2026, and 6% in 2027 and 2028. Investments in dams, levees, dredging, and coastal and intercoastal conservation will be among the main drivers of conservation and development spending. Storm-hardening projects in the Southeast to protect newly constructed manufacturing and trade infrastructure facilities will also boost conservation spending.

Industry Revenue

Specialized Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction


Industry Structure

Industry size & Structure

The average specialized heavy and civil engineering construction company operates out of a single location, employs about 18 workers, and generates $8.2 million in annual revenue.

    • The specialized heavy and civil engineering construction industry consists of about 4,500 firms that employ almost 82,500 workers, and generate over $35 billion in annual revenue.
    • The industry is concentrated at the top and fragmented at the bottom. The top 50 companies account for about 48% of industry revenue.
    • Large firms include Herzog Contracting (rail), Railworks, Railroad Construction Company, Orion Group Holdings (water resources), and Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation (water resources).
    • The US is a “closed” market for dredging with government regulations restricting dredging operations in US waters to US-owned and operated vessels staffed by US crews.

                                    Industry Forecast

                                    Industry Forecast
                                    Specialized Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction Industry Growth
                                    Source: Vertical IQ and Inforum

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