US Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Sector

Industry Profile Report

Dive Deep into the industry with a 25+ page industry report (pdf format) including the following chapters

Industry Overview Current Conditions, Industry Structure, How Firms Operate, Industry Trends, Credit Underwriting & Risks, and Industry Forecast.

Call Preparation Call Prep Questions, Industry Terms, and Weblinks.

Financial Insights Working Capital, Capital Financing, Business Valuation, and Financial Benchmarks.

Industry Profile Excerpts

Industry Overview

The 1.9 million farms and establishments involved in agricultural support, forestry, fishing, and hunting make up the sector. Establishments in this sector are focused on propagating and harvesting plants and animals for food, materials, and sport. While the vast majority of operations are small or family-owned businesses, corporate enterprises are entering the sector at a growing rate.

Food Safety and Traceability

Intentional and unintentional contamination of the US food supply is a growing concern.

Changes in Government Support

The agricultural and fishing subsectors benefit from government subsidies that increase income and reduce risk and costs.

Industry size & Structure

The agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sector comprises 23,300 establishments and 1.9 million farms that together employ over 1 million workers and generate about $616.8 billion in annual revenue.

    • The sector represents 1.4% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 0.7% of the country's workers.
    • The sector is highly fragmented, dominated by independent farms and owner-operated businesses.
    • In addition to employer establishments, the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sector (aside from farms) has 255,956 owner-operated establishments with no employees. Subsectors with the highest numbers of nonemployer establishments are crop support services (26%); fishing (24%); and animal support services (23%). The owners of nonemployer firms typically perform the work and may outsource support functions like marketing and accounting.
    • Overall employment in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations is projected to decline over the next decade. From 2022 to 2032, the agricultural workforce is expected to shed 16,000 jobs, with little or no change for fishing and hunting workers, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Logging is projected to shed 2,400 jobs and forestry and conservation to decline by 1,000 positions.
                                    Industry Forecast
                                    US Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Sector Industry Growth
                                    Source: Vertical IQ and Inforum

                                    Recent Developments

                                    Dec 16, 2024 - 2024 Incomes Fall, 2025 Budgets Tighten
                                    • US farm incomes are expected to fall in 2024 for the second straight year, according to USDA data released in December. The department forecasted net farm incomes for 2024 to decline 4% from 2023, totaling $140.7 billion, as falling crop and rising input prices outweighed a record year for crop production. The USDA forecast total cash receipts for corn and soybeans to fall this year, with the money generated from corn sales declining by nearly 21% and soybean receipts expected to drop by over 12%. 2024’s decline comes after farm incomes dropped nearly 20% in 2023 from 2022’s record high. Still, 2024’s total net income of $140.7 billion is well above the USDA average of roughly $125 billion over the past 20 years. The decline in farm incomes puts pressure on farmers’ budgets for 2025.
                                    • Many US farmers find themselves facing tighter budgets in 2025, The Wall Street Journal reported in December. According to WSJ, in a 2024 survey by the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corp. (aka Farmer Mac), commercial and government-sponsored lenders listed credit quality and loan deterioration as their top concerns, with the credit quality of farmers expected to deteriorate over the course of 2025. “Margins are bad this year and they look to be growing a lot worse,” Tom Halverson, CEO of CoBank, a co-op bank that operates within the Farm Credit System, told WSJ. Uncertainty regarding input prices, which stressed farmers’ financers this year, as well as US policy – with a new Farm Bill yet to be passed by Congress and the threat of tariffs under the incoming Trump administration – are additional pressure points for farmers. Some farmers are delaying purchasing inputs until 2025 to see where prices land, according to WSJ.
                                    • While bird flu is having a widespread impact on the US agricultural sector it’s hitting turkeys and eggs the hardest, Farm Bureau reported in November. Since 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has affected 14.2 million turkeys. According to USDA’s October Livestock Poultry Outlook, 2024 turkey production is forecast at 5.1 billion pounds, down 6.3% from 2023. Facing virus-related losses, farmers raised 205 million turkeys in 2024, down 6% from 2023 and the lowest number since 1985. As of August, over 73 million egg layers had been affected by HPAI, sending egg prices soaring to a record average of $4.82 per dozen in January 2023. In 2024, the January-September average retail price for eggs is $2.99 per dozen, up 7% from 2023. Since the first detection in March 2024, there have been 494 detections of HPAI in dairy herds in 16 states, according to the USDA.
                                    • Along with falls, equipment-related injuries, and drownings, fatal overdoses have become an occupational hazard of commercial fishing, The New York Times reports. The grueling nature of work aboard commercial fishing vessels and the high incidence of stress and painful injuries make crew susceptible to opioid use and overdosing. In response, efforts are being made to train crewmembers to identify and treat an overdose and to equip commercial fishing boats with naloxone (aka Narcan), an opioid antagonist that can reverse overdoses and prevent death. The New Bedford, Massachusetts-based nonprofit Fishing Partnership Support Services provides free training on responding to an opioid emergency to fishing communities along the East Coast. A 2022 report by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health found that employees in fishing, forestry, agriculture, and hunting had the highest fatality rates from opioid overdoses of all industries, closely followed by workers in construction trades.
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