US Manufacturing Sector NAICS 31-33
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Industry Summary
The 285,500 manufacturing establishments in the US produce goods for direct consumption and use in manufacturing other products. Manufacturing operations use machinery, computer systems, and workers to form, modify, assemble, test, and package goods. Major customers include other manufacturers, distributors and wholesalers, retailers, exporters, and end-consumers.
Competition From China
US manufacturers compete for market share domestically and internationally with producers in other nations, most notably China.
Foreign Trade Policies and Tariffs
Manufacturers are subject to trade restrictions, tariffs, regulations, and demands from foreign countries that can be politically and economically influenced.
Recent Developments
Jan 20, 2026 - Job Losses
- The US manufacturing sector logged seven consecutive months (April-November) of job losses following President Trump’s April 2025 “Liberation Day” tariffs, which were intended to boost domestic production and hiring, MSN reported in January. In an interview with CNN, Kevin Hassett, director of the National Economic Council, acknowledged the decline, but argued that new factory groundbreakings, about 30 since September, would generate jobs in 2026. However, commentators like Brian Allen note that manufacturing workers continue to face layoffs despite pro‑manufacturing rhetoric, calling the trend economic deterioration rather than renewal. Data cited by CNN reinforces the concern: industries dependent on manual labor have been cutting jobs throughout 2025, with Bureau of Labor Statistics figures showing sustained losses across traditional blue‑collar sectors. Analysts warn that the broader economy cannot be considered healthy if manufacturing employment continues to shrink, raising questions about the effectiveness of current trade and industrial policies.
- Several mega‑projects scheduled for 2026 signal rising investment in US manufacturing despite a recent dip in overall manufacturing construction spending and the cancellation of $32 billion in clean‑energy projects, Manufacturing Dive reports. Federal incentives, especially CHIPS Act funding and state tax credits, are driving a new concentration of high‑value manufacturing capacity across semiconductors, autos, and pharmaceuticals. Micron’s $200 billion multistate expansion, Samsung’s $17 billion Texas fab, and TSMC’s previously announced $100 billion US buildout collectively will strengthen domestic chip supply chains and create tens of thousands of direct and indirect jobs, while boosting demand for construction materials, automation systems, and industrial equipment. Stellantis’ $13 billion investment across four states accelerates domestic vehicle and EV‑related production, while Lilly’s $27 billion pharmaceutical buildout expands domestic drug‑ingredient and biologics capacity. For the manufacturing sector, the impact is broad: stronger regional manufacturing hubs, deeper supply‑chain localization, increased demand for skilled labor, and long‑term opportunities tied to capital equipment, components, and industrial services.
- The proposed merger of the Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern railroads has raised alarm among major industrial users, particularly chemical manufacturers, according to the American Chemistry Council. The ACC warns that combining these two rail giants could significantly reduce competition, raising freight costs and undermining service reliability across critical supply chains. Rail is a linchpin for many manufacturing operations, delivering raw materials to plants and finished goods to markets. With fewer railroads, manufacturers could be stuck with limited shipping options and higher rates, putting US production at a competitive disadvantage globally. The ACC is advocating for stricter regulatory review and calling for policy interventions to preserve rail-to-rail competition rather than enabling greater railroad consolidation. The proposed $85 billion deal was approved by the companies’ shareholders in November but faces opposition from several state attorneys general.
- Producer prices for all US manufacturing industries rose 3.5% in September compared to a year ago, after falling 2.4% in the previous September-versus-September annual comparison, according to the latest US Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Employment by manufacturing companies shrank 0.7% year over year in September, while average sector wages rose 4.3% over the same period to a new high of $29.31 per hour, BLS data show. Through November, the US manufacturing sector had lost 73,000 jobs (seasonally adjusted) over the past 12 months, according to BLS employment statistics.
Industry Revenue
US Manufacturing Sector
Industry Structure
Industry size & Structure
The manufacturing sector is comprised of about 285,000 establishments that employ 12.8 million workers and generate $7 trillion in annual revenue, according to government sources.
- The manufacturing sector represents about 11% of US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 7.5% of the nation's workers.
- The sector is fragmented, with the 20 largest manufacturing firms representing just 18% of revenue
- By subsector the largest manufacturing employers are: transportation equipment manufacturing,1.8 million workers (14% of total manufacturing employment); food manufacturing, 1.7 million workers (13%); fabricated metal product manufacturing, 1.4 million workers (11%), and machinery manufacturing, 1.1 million workers (8.6%).
- The US manufacturing sector is forecast to grow its employment base from 12.94 million workers in 2023 to 13.1 million in 2033, an increase of 0.8%, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- About 400,000 manufacturing jobs were unfilled in June 2025, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Transportation equipment manufacturing is the largest manufacturing industry in the nation and 16 states, while food manufacturing leads in 19 states and the District of Columbia.
- Automation and robotics are reshaping the industry, with over 44,000 industrial robots installed in US factories in 2022 alone.
Industry Forecast
Industry Forecast
US Manufacturing Sector Industry Growth
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